Nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg ntawm peb me npua, tus npua thib peb lub tsev cib cib uas muaj tus hma blustery ua pa. Tau muaj kev phom sij hauv hav zoov, lub tsev cib yuav muaj los kuj zoo dua li cov ntoo thiab txais cov tsev tus npua cov kwv tij ua. Rau qhov teeb meem ntawd, nws yuav tau tuav zoo dua li cov tsev tshiab.
Niaj hnub no lub tsev, ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluavtaws, hlawv kub dua li lub tsev ua tau ib ob peb xyoo dhau los. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau kev puas tsuaj rau cov cuab yeej thiab lub neej raws li ntau tus neeg ua kom ze rau thaj chaw qus, tsim cov tsiaj qus hauv cov ntoo thiab lwm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Nplaim taws retardants, uas tiv thaiv kom tiv thaiv thiab maj nrawm rau cov neeg uas muaj cov neeg khiav dim lossis rau kev pab tuaj txog ua ntej cov hluav taws me me. Hmoov tsis zoo, qee qhov ntawm cov tshuaj no ua rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv {}}}}}}}} thiab ib puag ncig. Txij li thaum ntxov 2000s, qee cov nplaim hluav taws retardants tau raug txwv thiab tshem tawm ntawm kev ua lag luam hauv ntau lub tebchaws. Uas tsis nres lawv txoj cai tsis raug cai thiab kev cai lij choj siv thoob ntiaj teb. Cov kws teev npe tshiab uas siv lawv qhov chaw qee zaum muaj kev phom sij zoo sib xws tab sis txuas ntxiv siv vim tias kev cai sib tw tsis txaus thiab sib txawv.
Tsis zoo li cov nplaim hluav taws, cov nplaim taws - retardant kev ua haujlwm qeeb. "Qee cov thev naus laus zis uas tau siv hnub no siv 20 xyoo dhau los," hais tias tshawb fawb B. Morgan, kws tshawb fawb kev nyab xeeb thiab hluav taws kub ntawm University of Dayton. "Cov nplaim taws retardants zoo dua tam sim no tshaj li lawv nyob hauv '90s, tab sis muaj ntau chav rau kev txhim kho."
Cov kws tshawb nrhiav thoob ntiaj teb showcased lawv cov kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag.
Nrhiav cov nplaim taws retardant uas tau ntsib hluav taws, kev noj qab haus huv, thiab cov qauv kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig tsis yooj yim. Txhua cov ntaub ntawv {{{{{}} paj rwb, plywood, thiab txhua lub kaum ob ntawm cov nplaim hluavtaws txawv thiab xav tau ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm - Retardant Chemical Premistry. Feem ntau, tsis muaj qhov kev xaiv buign uas tiv thaiv hluav taws tsis cuam tshuam rau cov polymer kev ua tau zoo.
"Koj xav ua cov nplaim hluav taws xob rov ua tau zoo dua li koj xav kom tsis txhob hloov cov khoom siv tshuaj polymer," hais tias Jaiime Grunlan, ib tug kws kho tshuab engineer ntawm Texas A & M University. "Koj xav ua kom tau zoo heev nrog heev me ntsis toxicity. Nws nyuaj, tab sis qhov ntawd yog npau suav."
Nplaim taws retardants tsis yog tshiab. Cov tib neeg pib siv Asbestos los ua cov pob zeb uas tua hluav taws thiab textiles txhiab xyoo dhau los. Cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub tsis tau siv cov ntoo nrog txhuas salts kom qeeb nws cov hluav taws kub. Cov ntaub ntawv ntuj xws li cov ntaub plaub, cov tawv nqaij, thiab tawv uas tib neeg tau siv rau ntau pua xyoo inherently tiv thaiv kev kub hnyiab.
Tib neeg hloov mus rau hluavtaws cov ntaub ntawv siv cov kev xav tau ntawm cov kev xav tau rau cov nyom, nplaim hluav taws xob - retarding tshuaj. Nruab nrab ntawm 150 thiab 200 cov nplaim hluavtaws rov qab muaj nyob rau hnub no. Lawv tau siv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, rooj tog ua npuas ncauj, rwb thaiv tsev, pleev xim, textiles, hlau nplaum, thiab ntau lwm yam khoom. Kwv yees li 3.5 lab metric tons ntawm nplaim taws retardants ib xyoo yog siv rau hauv cov yas, cov phosphorus, nyob rau hauv cov kab ke pinfa (cov phosphorus thiab cov neeg siv hauv ntiaj teb thiab cov neeg siv hluav taws xob.
Cov nplaim taws retardant txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog kom nres cov lus qhia lub voj ntawm cov roj thiab oxygen kom tshaib plab. Qee qhov tso tawm cov roj ntsha xws li nitrogen kom dilute cov pa hauv cov nplaim taws. Intumescent tshuab ua ib txheej chars uas ua rau cov pa oxygen los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Thawj nplaim taws niaj hnub no rov qab ua raws li kev ua haujlwm txawv thiab chlorinated organic, uas ua haujlwm los ntawm scavenging dawb radicals uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sib txuas. Tom qab ntsib hluav taws los ntawm cov pab neeg noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig vim yog lawv cov kuab lom, qee cov tshuaj lom neeg tau txwv nyob hauv European Union thiab hauv qee lub xeev Asmeskas.